MAE testing involves attaching sensors to a composite pressure vessel, applying stress, and capturing the ultrasonic waves produced by any internal flaws. Specialized software then evaluates these signals by looking at their frequency patterns, wave modes, energy levels, and the seriousness of the damage they represent. Over years of studying waveforms linked to typical failure types, analysts have developed predictive models that support machine‑learning‑based inspection. These damage types include fiber breaks, matrix cracks, delamination, and fiber pull‑out in composites, as well as crack growth and corrosion-related defects in metal structures.

Both internal and external inspections of pressure vessels are required during the requalification process. Qualified technicians perform visual cylinder inspections utilizing special illuminated probes. Specifically, these inspections are examining cylinders to internal contamination, rust, cracks, dents, or unusual conditions. Some specifications of cylinders require only the visual inspection and can be returned to service upon successful passing the inspection criteria.